OMJT.COM Online MJT OMJT.com Online MJT. The
Museum of Jurassic Technology is a museum located at 9341 Venice Boulevard, in
the Palms district of Los Angeles, California, USA. It has a Culver City address
(zip code 90232). It was founded by David and Diana Wilson in 1989. A small
branch of the museum is located inside the Karl Ernst Osthaus Museum in Hagen,
Germany.
Acronym Definition
MJT Maintenance Job Tracking
MJT Mechanical Joint Tightness
MJT Moral Judgement Test
MJT Multi-Jackbolt Tensioners
MJT Museum of Jurassic Technology
MJT Mytilene, Greece - Mytilene (Airport Code)
Mytilene (Greek: Μυτιλήνη - Mitilíni) is the capital city of Lesbos, a Greek
island in the Aegean Sea, and the Lesbos Prefecture as well. It has a population
of 27,247 (2001 census). Mytilene is linked with a highway numbered (GR-67)
linking to Skala Eressou on the other side of the island of Lesbos. Farmlands
surround Mytiline, the mountains cover the west and to the north. The airport is
located a few kilometres south on the small highway. The city was called Midilli
during Ottoman times.
Government
The Municipality of Mytilene is the administrative entity that surrounds the
town of Mytilene. It is located in the southeastern part of the island, north
and east of the Bay of Gera. It has a land area of 107.460 km² and a population
of 36,196 inhabitants (2001). With a population density of 336.8/km² it is by
far the most densely populated municipality in Lesbos Prefecture. The next
largest towns in the municipality are Vareiá (pop. 1,254), Pámfila (1,247),
Mória (1,207), and Loutrá (1,118).
History
Aristotle travled there for two years with his friend, Theophrastus before
becoming the tutor to Alexander, son of King Amyntas of Mytilene.[3][4]
Paul the Apostle stopped there on the return trip of his third missionary
journey(Acts 20:14).
Demographics
Year Communal population Change Municipal population Change
1981 24,991 - - -
1991 23,971 -1,020/-4.08% 33,157 -
2001 27,247 +3,276/+13.7% - -
Education
There are 16 primary schools in Mytilene, along with seven lyceums, and eight
gymnasiums. The town also houses a campus of the University of the
Aegean.[citation needed]
Industry
Mytiline has a port with ferries to the nearby islands of Lemnos and Chios and
Ayvalık in Turkey. The port also serves the mainland cities of Piraeus, Athens
and Thessaloniki. One ship, named during the 2001 IAAF games in Edmonton Aeolos
Kenteris, after Kostas Kenteris, used to serve this city (his hometown) with
6-hour routes from Athens and Thessaloniki. The main port serving Mytiline on
the Greek mainland is Piraeus.
The city has a hospital, and a few squares (plateies).[citation needed]
The city produces ouzo. There are more than 15 commercial producers on the
island.
Ihe city exports sardines harvested from the Bay of Kalloni.
Archaeology
Archaeological investigations at Mytilene began in the late 19th century when
Robert Koldewey (later excavator of Babylon) and a group of German colleagues
spent many months on the island preparing plans of the visible remains at
various ancient sites like Mytilene. Significant excavations, however, do not
seem to have started until after the First World War when in the mid 1920s
Evangelides uncovered much of the famous theatre on the hill on the western side
of town. Subsequent work in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s by various members of the
Archaeological Service revealed more of the theatre, including a Roman
conversion to a gladiatorial arena. Salvage excavations carried out by the
Archaeological Service in many areas of the city have revealed sites going back
to the Early Bronze Age although most have been much later (Hellenistic and
Roman). It is clear from various remains in different parts of the city that
Mytilene was indeed laid out on a grid plan as the Roman architect Vitruvius had
written.[citation needed]
Archaeological excavations carried out between 1984-1994 in the medieval castle
of Mytilene by the University of British Columbia and directed by Caroline and
Hector Williams revealed a previously unknown sanctuary of Demeter and Kore of
late classical/Hellenistic date and the burial chapel of the Gattelusi, the
medieval Genoese family that ruled the northern Aegean from the mid 14th-mid
15th centuries of our era. Other excavations done jointly with the K' Ephoreia
of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities near the North Harbour of the city
uncovered a multiperiod site with remains extending from a late Ottoman cemetery
(including a "vampire" burial, a middle aged man with 20 cm. spikes through his
neck, middle and ankles) to a substantial Roman building constructed around a
colonnaded courtyard to remains of Hellenistic structures and debris from
different Hellenistic manufacturing processes (pottery, figurines, cloth making
and dyeing, bronze and iron working) to archaic and classical levels with rich
collections of Aeolic grey wares.
Lesbos (Greek: Λέσβος, also transliterated Lesvos) is a Greek island located in
the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of 1,630 km² (630 square miles) with
320 kilometres (almost 200 miles) of coastline, making it the third largest
Greek island and the largest of the numerous Greek islands scattered in the
Aegean. Administratively, it forms part of the Lesbos Prefecture. Its population
is approximately 90,000, a third of which lives in its capital, Mytilene, in the
southeastern part of the island. The remaining population is distributed in
small towns and villages. The largest are Kalloni, the Gera Villages, Plomari,
Agiassos, Eresos and Molyvos (the ancient Mythymna). Mytilene was founded in the
11th century BC by the family Penthilidae, who arrived from Thessaly, and ruled
the city-state until a popular revolt (590–580 BC) led by Pittacus of Mytilene
ended their rule.
The word lesbian is derived from the poems of Sappho, born in Lesbos, which
contain powerful emotional content directed toward other females and have
frequently been interpreted as expressing homosexual love. Because of this
association, Lesbos and especially the town of Eresos, her birthplace, are
visited frequently by lesbian tourists.[2]
Geography
The island is mountainous with two large peaks, Mt. Lepetymnos (968 m (3,176
ft)) and Mt. Olympus (968 m (3,176 ft)), dominating its northern and central
sections. The island’s volcanic origin is manifested in several hot springs.
The island is verdant, aptly named Emerald Island, with a variety of flora that
belies its size. Eleven million olive trees cover 40% of the island together
with other fruit trees. Forests of mediterranean pines, chestnut trees and some
oaks occupy 20%, and the remainder is scrub, grassland or urban. In the western
part of the island is the world’s second largest petrified forest of Sequoia.
Its economy is essentially agricultural. Olive oil is the main source of income.
Tourism in Mytilene, encouraged by its international airport and the coastal
towns of Petra, Plomari, Molyvos and Eresos, contribute substantially to the
economy of the island. Fishing and the manufacture of soap and ouzo, the Greek
national liqueur, are the remaining sources of income.
Climate
The climate is mild Mediterranean. The mean annual temperature is 18 °C (64
°F)), and the mean annual rainfall is 750 mm (30 in). Its exceptional sunshine
makes it one of the sunniest islands in the Aegean Sea. Snow and very low
temperatures are rare.
Petrified Forest of Lesbos
Petrified forest of Lesbos
Lesbos contains one of the few known petrified forests and has been declared a
Protected Natural Monument. Fossilized plants have been found in many localities
on the western part of the island. The fossilised forest formed during the Late
Oligocene to Lower–Middle Miocene, by the intense volcanic activity in the area.
Neogene volcanic rocks dominate the central and western part of the island,
comprising andesites, dacites and rhyolites, ingnibrite, pyroclastics, tuffs and
volcanic ash. The products of the volcanic activity covered the vegetation of
the area and the fossilisation process took place during favourable conditions.
The fossilized plants are silicified remnants of a sub-tropical forest that
existed on the north-west part of the island 20-15 million years ago.
History
View from a hill in Mithymna (2006).
View from a hill in Mithymna (2006).
A statue in Madrid of Cybele, the great mother goddess, in her chariot that was
drawn by lions to guide the sun in its daily path across the sky.
A statue in Madrid of Cybele, the great mother goddess, in her chariot that was
drawn by lions to guide the sun in its daily path across the sky.
View of Kalloni Bay.
View of Kalloni Bay.
According to Classical Greek mythology, Lesbos was the patron god of the island.
Macar was reputedly the first king whose many "daughters" bequeathed their names
to some of the present larger towns. In Classical myth his "sister", Canace, was
killed to have him made king. The place names with female origins are likely to
be much earlier settlements named after local goddesses, who were replaced by
gods. Homer refers to the island as "Macaros edos", the seat of Macar. Hittite
records from the Late Bronze Age name the island Lazpas and must have considered
its population significant enough to allow the residents to "borrow their gods"
(presumably idols) to cure their king when the local gods were not forthcoming.
It is believed that emigrants from mainland Greece, mainly from Thessaly,
entered the island in the Late Bronze Age and bequeathed it with the Aeolic
dialect of the Greek language, whose written form survives in the poems of
Sappho, amongst others.
The abundant gray pottery ware found on the island and the worship of Cybele,
the great mother-goddess of Anatolia, suggest the cultural continuity of the
population from Neolithic times. When the Persian king Cyrus defeated Croesus
(546 BC) the Ionic Greek cities of Anatolia and the adjacent islands became
Persian subjects and remained such until the Persians were defeated by the
Greeks at the Battle of Salamis (480 BC). The island was governed by an
oligarchy in archaic times, followed by quasi-democracy in classical times. For
a short period it was member of the Athenian confederacy, its apostasy from
which is described in a stirring chapter of Thucydides's history of the
Peloponnesian War. In Hellenistic times, the island belonged to various
Macedonian kingdoms until 79 BC when it passed into Roman hands.
View of coast looking east from Vatera Beach on the Greek island of Lesbos
View of coast looking east from Vatera Beach on the Greek island of Lesbos
During the Middle Ages it belonged to the Byzantine Empire. In 803, the
Byzantine Empress Irene was exiled to Lesbos, forced to spin to support herself,
and died there. In 1355, it was granted to the Genoese Gateluzi for economic and
political reasons. The island was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1462 and was
known under the Turkish name of Midilli. It remained under Turkish rule until
1912 when it was ceded to Greece. The cities of Mytilene and Mithymna have been
bishoprics since the 5th century.
Important archaeological sites on the island are the Neolithic cave of Kagiani,
probably a refuge for shepherds, the Neolithic settlement of Chalakies, and the
extensive habitation of Thermi (3000–1000 BC). The largest habitation is found
in Lisvori (2800–1900 BC) part of which is submerged in shallow coastal waters.
There are also several archaic, classical Greek and Roman remains. Vitruvius
called the ancient city of Mytilene "magnificent and of good taste". Remnants of
its medieval history are three impressive castles.
Lesbos is the birthplace of several famous persons. In archaic times, Arion
developed the type of poem called dithyramb, the progenitor of tragedy,
Terpander invented the seven note musical scale for the lyre, followed by the
lyric poet Alcaeus, and the most famous poetess Sappho. Phanias wrote history.
The seminal artistic creativity of those times brings to mind the myth of
Orpheus to whom Apollo gave a lyre and the Muses taught to play and sing. When
Orpheus incurred the wrath of the god Dionysus he was dismembered by the Maenads
and of his body parts his head and his lyre found their way to Lesbos where they
have "remained" ever since. Pittacus was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. In
classical times Hellanicus advanced historiography, Theophrastus, the father of
botany, succeeded Aristotle as the head of the Lyceum. Aristotle and Epicurus
lived there for some time, and it is there that Aristotle began systematic
zoological investigations. In later times lived Theophanes, the historian of
Pompey's campaigns, Longus wrote the famous novel Daphnis and Chloe, and much
later the historian Doukas wrote the history of the early Ottoman Turks. In
modern times the poet Odysseus Elytis, descendant of an old family of Lesbos
received the Nobel Prize.
12 historic churches on the island were listed together on the 2008 World
Monuments Fund's Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites in the world.
Exposure to the elements, outmoded conservation methods, and increased tourism
are all threats to the structures. It is hoped that increased attention to their
declining states will aid in their preservation.
Municipalities
The island of Lesbos contains 13[3] of the 17 municipalities and 1 community
that comprise Lesbos Prefecture. The Lesbos municipalities have a total
population of 90,643 inhabitants, or over 83 percent of the prefecture's
population, according to the 2001 census. Their combined land area, including
uninhabited offshore islets, is 1,632.819 km2 (630.435 sq mi), or about 75.8% of
the prefecture's land area. (The balance of the prefecture's population resides
on the islands of Lemnos, in four municipalities, and Saint Eustratius, in one
community.)
Moonset over the island as seen from Turkey
Moonset over the island as seen from Turkey
* Agia Paraskevi (Αγία Παρασκευή)
* Agiasos (Αγιάσος)
* Gera (Γέρα)
* Eresos-Antissa (Ερεσός-Άντισσα)
* Evergetoulas (Ευεργέτουλας)
* Kalloni (Καλλονή)
* Loutropoli Thermis (Λουτρόπολη Θερμής)
* Mantamados (Μανταμάδος)
* Mithymna (Μήθυμνα)
* Mytilene (Μυτιλήνη)
* Petra (Πέτρα)
* Plomari (Πλωμάρι)
* Polichnitos (Πολίχνιτος)
Notable people from Lesbos
Famous people from Mytilene
* Sappho an Ancient Greek lyric poet and earliest known person to have a
same-sex love affair between women (lesbian)
* Pittacus
* Alcaeus (Ancient Greek Poet)
* Oruç Reis (Ottoman-Turkish privateer and Bey of Algiers)
* Barbaros Hayreddin Pasha Ottoman-Turkish privateer and Bey of Algiers, brother
of Oruç Reis)
* Tanburi Ali Efendi - 19th century Turkish composer
* Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (Ottoman grand vizier)
* Cemal Pasha (Ottoman-Turkish soldier and politician),
* Odysseas Elytis (Literature Nobelist)
* Theophilos Hatzimihail (Folklore Painter)
* Kostas Kenteris (Greek athlete)
The Aegean Sea (pronounced [i:ˈdʒi:ən/span>]], Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος, Aigaío
Pélagos; Turkish: Ege Denizi, Adalar Denizi) is a sea arm of the Mediterranean
Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between
the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected
to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The Aegean
Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery,
including Crete and Rhodes.
The sea was traditionally known as the Archipelago (Greek: Αρχιπέλαγος), the
general sense of which has since changed to refer to the Aegean Islands and,
generally, to any island group because the Aegean Sea is remarkable for its
large number of islands.
Etymology
In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. It was
said to have been named after the Greek town of Aegae, or Aegea, a queen of the
Amazons who died in the sea, or Aigaion, the "sea goat", another name of
Briareus, one of the archaic Hecatonchires, or, especially among the Athenians,
Aegeus, the father of Theseus, who drowned himself in the sea when he thought
his son had died.
A possible etymology is a derivation from the Greek word αἶγες (aiges) "waves"
(Hesychius; metaphorical use of αἴξ (aix) "goat"), hence "wavy sea", cf. also
αἰγιαλός (aigialos) "coast".
In the Bulgarian language the sea is also known as White sea (Бяло море).
According to legend, Bulgarian sailors and merchants in the Middle Ages found it
a hospitable and timid sea to travel and called it White sea in contrast to the
hostile and dangerous Black sea.
History
In ancient times the sea was the birthplace of two ancient civilizations – the
Minoans of Crete, and the Mycenean Civilization of the Peloponnese. Later arose
the city-states of Athens and Sparta among many others that constituted the
Athenian Empire and Hellenic Civilization. Plato described the Greeks living
round the Aegean "like frogs around a pond". The Aegean Sea was later invaded by
Persians and the Romans, and inhabited by the Byzantine Empire, the Venetians,
the Seljuk Turks, and the Ottoman Empire. The Aegean was the site of the
original democracies, and its seaways were the means of contact among several
diverse civilizations of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Geography
The Aegean Sea covers about 214,000 km² in area, and measures about 610
kilometres longitudinally and 300 kilometres latitudinally. The sea's maximum
depth is 3,543 metres (11,624 ft. or 1.912 British nautical miles), east of
Crete. The Aegean Islands are found within its waters, with the following
islands delimiting the sea on the south (generally from west to east): Kythera,
Antikythera, Crete, Karpathos, and Rhodes.
The Greek Aegean Islands can be simply divided into seven groups: the
Northeastern Aegean Islands, Euboea, the Northern Sporades, the Cyclades, the
Saronic Islands (or Argo-Saronic Islands), the Dodecanese (or Southern
Sporades), and Crete. The word archipelago was originally applied specifically
to the Aegean Sea and its islands. Many of the Aegean Islands, or chains of
islands, are actually extensions of the mountains on the mainland. One chain
extends across the sea to Chios, another extends across Euboea to Samos, and a
third extends across the Peloponnese and Crete to Rhodes, dividing the Aegean
from the Mediterranean. Many of the islands have safe harbours and bays, but
navigation through the sea is generally difficult. Many of the islands are
volcanic, and marble and iron are mined on other islands. The larger islands
have some fertile valleys and plains. In the Aegean Sea there are two islands
belonging to Turkey: Bozcaada (Greek: Τένεδος Tenedos) and Gökçeada (Greek:
Ίμβρος Imvros), while the rest belonging to Greece. The Aegean Sea has about
1,415 islands and islets, of which almost 1,395 belong to Greece.
The bays in gulfs counterclockwise includes on Crete, the Mirabelli, Almyros,
Souda and Chania bays or gulfs, on the mainland the Myrtoan Sea to the west, the
Saronic Gulf northwestward, the Petalies Gulf which connects with the South
Euboic Sea, the Pagasetic Gulf which connects with the North Euboic Sea, the
Thermian Gulf northwestward, the Chalkidiki Peninsula including the Cassandra
and the Singitic Gulfs, northward the Strymonian Gulf and the Gulf of Kavala and
the rest are in Turkey; Saros Gulf, Edremit Gulf, Dikili Gulf, Çandarlı Gulf,
İzmir Gulf, Kuşadası Gulf, Gökova Gulf, Güllük Gulf.
Lesbos is one of the Prefectures of Greece. It is part of the archipelagic
Periphery of the North Aegean. It borders the prefectures of Evros in the north
and Chios in the south. East lies Turkey's west coast (Ayvalık and Çanakkale
coasts), while west lies the central Aegean Sea. It consists of three main
islands: Lesbos itself, Limnos, and the smaller island of Agios Efstratios.
Transport
* GR-67
Places
* Mytilene, the capital city of the island and the prefecture itself.
* Agia Paraskevi, upon the island of Lesbos.
* Eressos, upon the island of Lesbos.
* Mithymna, upon the island of Lesbos.
* Agios Efstratios, upon the homonymous isle.
Provinces
* Lemnos Province - Myrina
* Mithymna Province - Mithymna
* Mytilene Province - Mytilene
* Plomari Province - Plomari
Municipalities and communities
Municipality YPES code Seat (if different) Postal code Area code
Agia Paraskevi 3501 811 02 22520-3
Agiasos 3502 811 01 22520-2
Atsiki 3504 814 01 22530
Eresos-Antissa 3506 Eresos 814 01 22530-8
Evergetoulas 3507 Sykounta 811 05 22520-9
Gera 3505 Pappados 811 06 22510-8
Kalloni 3508 811 07 22530-2
Loutropoli Thermis 3509 Thermi 811 00 22510-7
Mantamados 3510 811 04 22530-6
Mithymna 3511 811 07
811 08 2220-7
Moudros 3512 814 01 22520-7
Myrina 3513 814 00 22540-2
Mytilene 3514 811 00 22510-2 through 7
Nea Koutali 3515 Kontias 814 00 22540-5
Petra 3516 811 09 22530
Plomari 3517 812 00 22530-3
Polichnitos 3518 813 00 22520-4
Community YPES code Seat (if different) Postal code Area code
Agios Efstratios 3503 815 00 22540-9
Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known as Peripheries of Greece,
which are further subdivided into 3 super-prefectures and 54 prefectures or
nomes (nomoi, singular - nomos, Greek: νομοί, νομός ).
According to the Constitution of Greece the prefectures are mainly a
second-degree organization of local self-government. They are not however
hierarchically superior to the Communities and Municipalities of Greece. After
the legislative reform of 1994 most of the administrative duties of the
prefectures were transferred to the peripheries. Nevertheless, they still keep
certain administrative duties attributed to them by the central government
(sanitary committees, urban-planning services etc.) and they are thus also
legally regarded as administrative units of the central government.
The first prefectural elections took place in 1994. The prefects were previously
appointed by the government.
Organization
The current "Prefectural Self-Governments" were formed in 1994[1] and replaced
the previous prefectures, whose councils and prefects were appointed by the
government.
Prefectures are governed by a Prefectural Council (νομαρχιακό συμβούλιο) made up
of 21 to 37 members,[2] led by the Prefect (νομάρχης) and presided by a Council
President (πρόεδρος).
Other organs of the prefectures are:
* The Prefectural Committee, consisted of the Prefect or an assistant appointed
by him and 4 to 6 members, elected by the Prefectural Council.[3]
* The Provincial Council and
* The Eparchos (Sub-prefect, έπαρχος).
Super-prefectures have their own organs (Council, Committee and Super-prefect).
Prefectural councillors are elected via public election every four years.
Three-fifths of all seats go to the combination winning a majority and
two-fifths of the seats go to remaining parties based on a proportional system.
Prefect becomes the president of the victorious electoral combination. Electoral
is a combination which attains more than 42% in the first round of the
prefectural elections. If no combination passes this threshold, a second round
takes place between the two combinations that took the most votes in the first
round[4]
Duties
The State ultimately oversees the actions of local governments, including the
prefectures, but the Constitution of Greece[5] and the Code of Prefectural
Self-Government[6] still provide communities and municipalities with legal
control over the administration of their designated areas.
The Code of Prefectural Self-Government does not include a non-restrictive list
of prefectural duties, but a general rule, according to which the newly formed
Prefectural Self-Governments have all the duties of the previous prefectures,
which are related to their local affairs.[7] Nonetheless, the affairs of
"(central) state administration" belonging to the prefects before 1994 are now
exerted by the Presidents of the Peripheries (περιφερειάρχης).[8] The current
Prefectural Self-Governments hve kept the "local affairs of prefectureal level"
not belonging to the "(central) state administration".[9]
With certain laws specific affairs of certain ministries were transferred to the
Prefectural Self-Governments (sanitary committees, urban-planning services
etc.).[10]
List of prefectures
1. (see below)
2. Euboea
3. Evrytania
4. Phocis
5. Phthiotis
6. Boeotia
7. Chalcidice
8. Imathia
9. Kilkis
10. Pella
11. Pieria
12. Serres
13. Thessaloniki
14. Chania
15. Heraklion
16. Lasithi
17. Rethymno
18. Drama
19. Evros
20. Kavala
21. Rhodope
22. Xanthi
23. Arta
24. Ioannina
25. Preveza
26. Thesprotia
27. Corfu
28. Kefalonia and Ithaka
29. Lefkada
30. Zakynthos
31. Chios
32. Lesbos
33. Samos
34. Arcadia
35. Argolis
36. Corinthia
37. Laconia
38. Messinia
39. Cyclades
40. Dodecanese
41. Karditsa
42. Larissa
43. Magnesia
44. Trikala
45. Achaea
46. Aetolia-Acarnania
47. Elis
48. Florina
49. Grevena
50. Kastoria
51. Kozani
a Mount Athos
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